SHEER FABRICS

Post 146 - by Gautam Shah

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Sheer is tactile feeling that is satisfying and delightful. It is a feeling or a state of experience. Sheer fabric is a very fine, gossamer or diaphanous material that does not occlude vision through it. It is an important quality mark for lightness of mass. The word sheer is used to emphasize a state or situation that is extreme or complete, and does not involve any mix-up with anything else (does not involve anything else).

Tent Curtain Pixabay image by Unsplash

In the 1175-1225 period or Middle English word sheer (scīr, scere, shere, schere, shire) (cognate with German schier, old Norse skīr, Gothic skeirs) was used for a clear, free, bright, thin, shiny or water like material. Some of the synonyms are: utter, complete, absolute, total, pure, perfect, downright, out-and-out, thorough, thoroughgoing, through and through, consummate, patent, surpassing, veritable, unqualified, unmitigated, unalloyed, unadulterated, unmixed. 

Old Window with curtain Pixabay image by Paul Brennan Winder/USA

A Sheer fabric has three basic qualifications: It is thin or lightweight, It is translucent, and it is very supple. The lightweight features come from the quality of fiber material, its filament or spun thread (denier), the low density construction through knitting or weaving. Its translucency derives from sectional form of the fiber, degree of spinning, massing during spinning and weaving, and minimal or no addition of processing materials like dyeing, sizing, etc. Its suppleness results from the quality of fiber material, the low denier of fiber or filament, and avoidance of massing during spinning and weaving.

Sheer curtain with pattern > Pixabay Image by Unsplash

Sheer fabrics from natural fibres such as Silk, have yarns with multiple fiber stands, whereas Cotton has several staples entwined during spinning. The natural fibres create a fabric that is dull or with small sheen. Rayons are produced as staples, and so have slight sheen, unless treated differently. Synthetic fibres such as Nylon and Polyesters are filaments or very long staples, and usually with uniform cross sectional shape, and so provide glossy face.

Sheer curtains > Flickr image by Ket

Sheer fabrics are made from very thin threads and have low density construction, through mainly weaving, but sometimes through knitting. Sheer fabrics of netting type have comparatively low gloss due to greater de-fraction of light. Denser weaves have more sheen or shine. The density of a fabric (knitted or woven) is determined by several factors such as sectional form the fiber, degree of spinning, massing during spinning and weaving. The resultant fabrics have various levels of translucency. Sheer fabric of low density weave is supple, but a flimsy cloth.

Occluding the view with sheer fabric > Wikipedia image by TriviaKing (talk)DWS-Montag Zen

Denier is a unit of measurement for fineness of fibres or filaments, as threads, expressed as the weight in grams for 9,000 metres length of yarn. The surface area of a fabric is directly related to the denier. Smaller deniers yield more fibres per unit weight of the material. A micro-fibre is less than 1 denier, fibres for sheer fabrics are finer, just 0.9 denier, in comparison, a human hair is 20 denier.

Fabrics with a high denier measure are bulky, sturdy, durable, but nearly opaque, whereas fabrics with a low denier measure tend to be sheer, soft, and smooth. A fabric, of 3-5 denier is like a clear film, extremely thin. Ultra sheer refers to very light deniers of stockings or pantyhose, usually 10 or less.

 Sheer fabrics have a crisp to soft feel, depending on the quality of fibres and the density of weave. Fabrics’ coarseness or fineness, are mainly due the techniques of weaving. It is measured in warps or ends per length and in wefts or picks per length. Sheer fabrics include: Silks, Cotton, Rayon, Nylon, Polyesters and other synthetics. The fabric forms are crispy organdy, organza, voile, lawn, Georgette. Supple forms include natural silk (unsized), artificial silks, rayons, tulle, netting, gauze, Gossamer, muslin. Soft sheers are difficult to stitch in comparison to crisp sheers. Art Silk or artificial silks are heat and chemically treated, or co-spun with rayon, cotton and silk staples to achieve desired level of feel.

Glow curtains Pixabay image by Pexels

Sheer fabrics are favoured for garments and draperies due to the suppleness (fall, contouring), transparency and low weight. Sheer fabrics are too thin to control incoming sunlight, but cause its de-fraction. As a curtain the sheer fabric allows sunlight to pass through during daylight, while maintaining a level of privacy.  

Early glass for windows was a flattened plane from cylinder or a flat cast sheet, but available in small sizes. Flattened glass had crinkles, whereas the cast sheet was unevenly polished. The vision through it was distorted, muddled or frosty. The sheer curtain masked the vision through the window. Sheer curtain fabrics do not offer any insulation against heat or cold, so need additional layer of heavy-opaque fabric curtains. Sheer curtains over bedsteads provide a romantic transparency. Sheer fabrics of low denier and high count weaves have little sound absorption, but higher proportion of gather or creases which add to sound absorption capacity.

Green Hued Sheer curtain > Flickr Image by Jessie Lynn McMains

Sheer fabrics for curtaining look best in their natural colours (original colour of the constituent fiber) or very lightly dyed or bleached shades, such as white, off-whites, cream, ivory, shades. Though many base-shades and prints are available. Lighter colours are preferred, due to the greater capacity to defract the light. Colour tinted sheer fabrics were popular to tinge the room with the particular hue. This is no longer needed, as vast varieties of paints and wall finishes with subtle variations of hues are available.

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WEIGHT and TRANSLUCENCY of fabrics for curtains

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Post 104 - by Gautam Shah

WEIGHT and TRANSLUCENCY of fabrics for curtains

Weight and Translucency of a fabric are two key factors for its suitability as an opening’s treatment material. Though both are co-related in that a heavy fabric is more opaque, and a translucent fabric is likely to be lighter, yet many contradictions exist. For the favour of one aspect the other can be manipulated. The final determinants for suitability of a fabric material for covering an opening depend on Treatments over a fabric, mode of hanging and pleating, presence or absence of a liner layer and the secondary treatments over the opening itself.

Fabrics are light because the fibres are thin or can be spun very finely, are filaments or long staple in nature and woven with a single weave or similar techniques. Fabrics or fibres dyed to lighter shades seem less heavy. The illumination conditions of the interior space, and the viewing position in the interior or exterior location, substantially affect the perception of transparency. A bright exterior or one that allows greater proportion of ‘sky component reflection’ (the reflected light from the sky) such as on sea coast, very vast open grounds, on upper section of windows tall buildings, and very bright or highly a reflective frontage of urban streets, all contribute to the brightness of window-backside (an exterior side). A bright exterior side and a glare-less interior, both add to the translucency. A glare is less dominant, when areas besides the curtain are reasonably illuminated or furnished in lighter shades. A direct sun-light exposure of the window makes the curtain seem opaque (at least from outside).

The perception of transparency is governed by the construction of the curtain, such as pleats, fall, back-layering, and the direction of the weave. The natural form of the fabric for curtain forming is the warp forming the vertical orientation (and the weft the horizontal position). A curtaining system, called Rail-roallng, places the fabric, with weft forming the vertical orientation (and warp the horizontal position), makes the fabric seem more opaque. Curtains are also formed with fabrics of two colours or textures. The central or edge sections are formed with lighter (or white) fabric, allowing more light, feeling of lightness and view-through facility. 

SHEERS: A sheer fabric is very thin material which make it very translucent. Sheer curtains are known as privacy curtains. Some of the best sheer fabrics are of pure silk, but most of the commercial materials are made of synthetic filament yarn (long length fibres). Lattices like airy or net woven fabrics are so pliable, flimsy and semi-transparent that they behave like a sheer fabric curtain. A sheer fabric has a natural graceful fall and allows light to filter through. Sheer fabric curtains nominally form the first layer in multiple curtains system. Such curtains allow a fuzzy view during day time, but at night may require an opaque topping of a curtain. Sheer fabric must not be used with a lining fabric to maintain its translucency. Sheer fabrics come in a wide variety of colours, but white and natural shades of whites, such as off-whites, cream, and ivory are popular. Sheer fabrics are also embellished and embroidered for patterns. Such extra work, however, increases the weight of the fabric at the cost of graceful fall. Sheer fabrics are commonly heavily pleated and so the total quantity of cloth required for a sheer curtain is little more then a curtain of regular fabric. Sheer fabrics, due to their thin body and the lattice like weaves, offer very little insulation.

Historically translucent fabrics used for lighter curtains include Chintz, Cretonne, Gauze, Muslin, Nets or Netting. Fibers with rough texture through raised 'hair' (fibres from short staple cotton, combing and carding wastes) break and distribute the light, it all directions. Where the fibers have a natural tinge (dull-white -typically unbleached cotton) than the interior face of the curtain glows in sun-light. In such a situation the fineness of fabric becomes less relevant. 

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