MAURICE GALBRAITH CULLEN

 

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SUNDAY Feature on ART of Architecture -by Gautam Shah

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Maurice Galbraith Cullen (1866-1934) was a pioneer of impressionist of Canada. He is best known for his winter landscapes. He first enrolled at Montreal's Institut National des Beaux-Arts et des Sciences. In 1888, he travelled to Paris and studied at École des Beaux-Arts. In Paris he saw Impressionists’ art, especially of Claude Monet. On returning to Canada, he began to draw local snow-scapes with own versions of Impressionist technique. He began painting en plein air.

Cullen travelled to the Rocky Mountains, France, Italy, North Africa and the Netherlands for his art. He began to experiment with light affecting the snow-covered terrain. He was very sensitive to the momentary variations in upon the terrain. He used pastels with pen and ink. Cullen made his own pastels from earths and other pigments and they were usually fixed to prevent the smudging.

His paintings have a sense of serenity. He relied less on the fuzzy effect of the French impressionists and used ‘sharp clarity of the Canadian atmosphere’.

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ROBERT HENRI

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SUNDAY feature on ART of Architecture -by Gautam Shah

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Robert Henri -Cozad (1865-1929 born Cincinnati, Ohio ), was one of the most influential American landscape, portraitist and figure painter. Henri enrolled at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia, and later the École des Beaux Arts, Paris.

He was essentially a realist painter, who first identified with the Impressionists style. He together with a small team of enthusiastic followers, pioneered the Ashcan School of American realism. They depicted urban life in an uncompromising Brutalist, but a realist manner. The group members were determined to depict directly their own time and experience.

For several years, Henri divided his time between Philadelphia and Paris. Over the years, Henry painted figures and portraits of non elite people, like Native Americans, African, Chinese and Mexican migrants. He became strongly influenced by the colour theories, and experimented with the tonal effects of mixed colours. He also began to use subdued tones. He moved around New York and painted the suburbs.

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CARL CARUS GUSTAV

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SUNDAY Feature on ART of Architecture -by Gautam Shah

Carl Gustav Carus (1789-1869) was a German landscape painter and art critic. He was born in Leipzig, where he studied chemistry and then medicine. He was also a physician, biologist, Professor for Obstetrics and philosopher. He was a pioneer for experimental work in comparative osteology, insect anatomy, and zootomy. In 1811 he graduated as a doctor of medicine and a doctor of philosophy.

Carus painted in his leisure time, but it was his writing on art theory that made him a leading scholar of the period. Carus's philosophy was essentially Aristotelian in that he followed ‘the unfolding or elaboration of an idea in experience from an unorganized multiplicity to an organized unity.’

From 1814 to 1817 he taught himself oil painting working under Caspar David Friedrich, a Dresden landscape painter. Later he studied under Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld at the Oeser drawing academy.

Carus was appointed a physician in attendance, when King of Saxony, Frederick Augustus II, made an informal tour of Britain in 1844. Carus had chance to visit sights in London and the university cities of Oxford and Cambridge.

Carus developed a theory of landscape painting whose objective was the ‘visualization of the inner workings of geological phenomena’, which he called Erdlebenbildkunst = pictorial art of the life of the earth.

Carus was a plein air painter through whole career. In some of his later works, the traces of impressionism seeps in, perhaps due to the fast capture of the evolving scene. Yet he was a meticulous detailing person.

 

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